Penicuik House
Penicuik House (alternative spellings in use until mid 19th century: Penycuik, Pennycuik) survives as the shell of a formerly grand estate house in Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. The 18th-century palladian mansion (at NT2172659208) was built on the site of an earlier house by Sir James Clerk, 3rd Baronet. It was destroyed by fire in 1899 and a major restoration, stabilising the ruin, was completed in 2014 by G Brown Stonemasons.
Old Penicuik House and New Penicuik House (the former stables block in which the Clerk family were living even before the fire) are both designated Category A listed buildings by Historic Environment Scotland.[1][2]
History
[edit]The merchant John Clerk returned to Scotland from France in 1646 and purchased the estate and barony of Penicuik, the "Penicuik Policies", including the older Newbiggin House, which he extended and improved. The estate became the residence and title of his descendants.[3][4]
From 1700 to 1730, the laird Sir John Clerk of Penicuik planted 300,000 trees on the estate.[5]
The current Penicuik House was built in 1761 by Sir James Clerk, the 4th Laird of Penicuik and 3rd Baronet. Clerk had travelled widely, especially in Italy, and had studied Italian architecture. Now a roofless shell, it is constructed of ashlar, it has a central hexastyle portico with two-way stair, piano nobile, basement and Palladian windows. The interior was gutted by fire in 1899, but formerly had many fine rooms.
The house was a great meeting place for figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, who came to view its collection of paintings, including a noted ceiling painting of Ossian's Hall and four scenes from the life of Saint Margaret by Alexander Runciman.[6][7]
Replica of Arthur's O'on
[edit]
The deliberate destruction of Arthur's O'on so appalled Sir James Clerk, that in 1760 he decided to have a dovecote built, as an exact replica of the temple, on his stable block at Penicuik House.[2]
See also
[edit]- Clerk baronets
- Alexander Gordon (antiquary)
- List of Category A listed buildings in Midlothian
- List of country and estate houses in Scotland
- List of listed buildings in Penicuik, Midlothian
References
[edit]- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "OLD PENICUIK HOUSE (Category A Listed Building) (LB14634)". Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ a b Historic Environment Scotland. "NEW PENICUIK HOUSE (FORMERLY STABLES) (Category A Listed Building) (LB14635)". Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ Burke, John (1832). A General and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire. Vol. I. H. Colburn and R. Bentley. p. 257.
- ^ "The Clerk Family". Penicuik House Project. Penicuik House Preservation Trust. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009.
- ^ Scottish Garden Buildings by Tim Buxbaum p.11
- ^ Macmillan, Duncan (1984), Scottish Painting: Ramsay to Raeburn, in Parker, Geoffrey (ed.), Cencrastus No. 17, Summer 1984, pp. 25 - 29, ISSN 0264-0856
- ^ Macmillan, Duncan (2023), Scotland and the Origins of Modern Art, Lund Humphries, London, pp. 71 - 76, ISBN 978-1-84822-633-3
External links
[edit]
- Houses completed in 1761
- Category A listed buildings in Midlothian
- Listed houses in Scotland
- 1761 establishments in Scotland
- Palladian architecture in the United Kingdom
- 1899 disasters in the United Kingdom
- Building and structure fires in Scotland
- Ruins in Midlothian
- Scottish Enlightenment
- Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
- Ruined houses
- Listed ruins in Scotland
- 18th-century architecture in the United Kingdom